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Hattie McDaniel, Olivia de Havilland and Vivien Leigh 1939 in Gone with the Wind

Diary

Friends,

Day 5/10 of books that influenced me (growing up lasts a long time), that had a discernible impact.

Again for me this is problematic. Between the ages of 13 and 15 I read and reread four books to the point I knew many scenes by heart and can today still conjure them up vividly in my mind. Undeniably (surely we are to to be truthful, or What are we doing in such an exercise?), the first up in time (I was 12) was Gone with The Wind. It came into our house as a book-of-the-month club special for my mother, and I sat down and began to read. I was so entranced (with a four column page) read it so much and so often that the copy fell into pieces. The cover illustration was a collage of scenes from the GWTW books (hence not like the one I find) but my copy was a reprint of the first edition, the ample book behind this older cover:


Note the confederate flag on the side of the paper cover

The problem is that even then I knew it was a racist book and I am today deeply ashamed of myself that I ignored this. (Note the confederate flag on the side of the paper cover.) It was wrong and racist behavior on my part as the book has functioned perniciously in US culture. Still I am not embarrassed in front of GWTW. I have seen this reaction when I used to assign to students to read a book from childhood and the young adult was embarrassed to realize what the book he or she so loved was. I regretted when that happened. My father tried to read The Secret Garden to me when I was 10 and had to give it up so mortified was he to see the agenda of Burnett’s book. These books answered to what we were then

I was Scarlett in my earliest readings. GWTW led to my reading a helluva of lot of Walter Scott in my earlier teens.  In later years I have decided the heroine of GWTW is Melanie. I shall never forget her standing at the top of the ruined stairs of Tara with a rifle, having killed the marauding soldier, and now determined to lug the corpse to the field to bury it. When Ashley comes home, Scarlett’s wild desire to run to him, and Will saying, “he’s her husband.” I’ve expanded the heroes to include Rhett Butler, Ashley Wilkes and Will Benteen.  I remember so many scenes from GWTW; they formed a backdrop of women’s key emotional moments in my mind. Scarlett in her mother’s green velvet curtains trying to charm money out of the imprisoned Rhett.

It’s women’s historical romance first and foremost.

I’ve never given up this type of book and some are leftist and liberal. My most recent wallowing has been in the distressingly pro-violence Outlander (the first three books) and the brilliant voyeuristic film adaptation: I find irresistible the central love relationship of Jamie and Claire, and I bond with Claire in book and film. I find irresistible still her fierce adherence to Jamie, I bond with her in book and film.


Claire and Jamie starting out together …

People disappear all the time.
Young girls run away from home.
Children stray from their parents and are never seen again.
Housewives take the grocery money, and a taxi to the train station.
Most are found eventually.
Disappearances, after all, have explanations.
Usually.
Strange, the things you remember.
Single images and feelings that stay with you down through the years

I know the Poldark novels by Winston Graham belong to this genre so my study of the Poldark novels began here when I started to read Ross Poldark after watching a few of the episodes of the 1970s serial drama. It’s deeply humane in its politics.


My first copy of Ross Poldark, the 1970s reprint of the 1951 cut version, published in anticipation of the 1975 serial drama starring Robin Ellis

There were three other authors I read & reread around the same time, getting to know by heart key scenes: the second chronologically was Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre. I recently reread it once again and am convinced it is a poetic masterpiece of l’ecriture-femme, one of the great novels for women and one of the world’s great novels in all languages. Who can forget countless passages like this: “I can live alone, if self-respect and circumstances require me so to do. I need not sell my soul to buy bliss. I have an inward treasure, born with me, which can keep me alive if all extraneous delights should be withheld; or offered only at a price I cannot afford to pay.” Contra mundi.


This is the copy of Jane Eyre I now own

At the time I was not alive to the crucial differences in language between Bronte’s Jane Eyre and Daphne DuMaurier’s RebeccaRebecca was another “extra” from my mother’s subscription to the US Book-of-the-Month Club. Like Bronte, like GWTW, DuMaurier’s books satisfied a need in me that recent Booker Prize women’s romance (Anita Brookner, Hotel du Lac, A. S. Byatt, Possession) also satisfy. Bronte and DuMaurier explicitly make visible a woman’s vision using techniques found in l’ecriture-femme, but there were only 5 Bronte novels that I could read (JE, Villette, Agnes Grey, Tenant of Wildfell Hall, Wuthering Heights) so DuMaurier functioned as yet more of the same: My Cousin Rachel, Jamaica Inn, Branwell Bronte and above all King’s General. Last summer I reveled with a group of people in a class I taught at OLLI at Mason in reading together King’s General (17th century civil war, crippled heroine) and Susan Sontag’s Volcano Lover. However vastly more perceptive about the nature of reality, Volcano Lover is still of this genre. All versions of the same kind of underlying deep gratification of soul.

I had found my copy of Jane Eyre in a local drugstore for 40¢; I went back a few weeks later, and found imprinted in the same cheap way Austen’s Mansfield Park. Another 40¢ and home I went to read and reread MP. My fourth and nowadays favorite book of all these. When I got to the end and heard the moral of struggle and endure, I turned back to the first page and read the novel over again. I’ve never stopped reading it. It has never been far out of my mind, always at the edge of consciousness to be called up. I’ve never forgotten the cover of this MP: white, with 18th century type stage characters, and the blurb telling me this is a “rollicking comedy.” In my naivete I couldn’t understand why this blurb so false was there. But no matter I was Fanny, and this was a somber strong book.


The colors dark and distorted this is nonetheless the second copy of MP I owned

Since then I’ve seen all the film adaptations of Jane Eyre and Mansfield Park available.


Fanny and Edmund growing up at MP (1983 Ken Taylor BBC)

With GWTW, Jane Eyre, and Mansfield Park I began my love affair with women’s great books, historical romance, and historical fiction. I’ve never stopped reading these and nowadays want only to write about them. And for me they include the great classics (in 19th & early 20th century beyond DuMaurier, English Anne Bronte, George Eliot, Elizabeth Gaskell, Margaret Oliphant, Virginia Woolf, Rosamund Lehmann, Margaret Drabble).


Ruth Wilson as Jane Eyre (Sandy Welch’s JA, 2006)

Ellen

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graphicfreelibrary
From The Graphic, Women reading in the London Free Library, from Lady’s Pictorial, 1895)

A Syllabus

For a Study Group at the Oscher LifeLong Learning Institute at American University
Day: Nine Monday late mornings into early afternoon, 11:45 am to 1:15 pm
4801 Spring Valley Building, near American University main campus, Northwest, Washington DC
Dates: Classes start Sept 26th; last class Dec 5th, 2015; Oct 17th cancelled.
Dr Ellen Moody

Description of Course

We will ask what did a woman writer’s career look like, what genres and journalism women published, what were obstacles & advantages women experienced, like & unlike today. We’ll read Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (gothic, 1818), Elizabeth Gaskell’s Mary Barton (“condition of England” novel, 1849), George Eliot’s “Janet’s Repentance” (a Clerical Tale, domestic fiction, 1857) and Margaret Oliphant’s Hester: A Tale of Contemporary Life (1883, not quite a “new woman” novel). We’ll also read on-line excerpts from Harriet Martineau’s Autobiography (abolitionist, de Toqueville-like US travels), journalism at mid-century (from Caroline Norton’s English Laws for Women in the Nineteenth Century, 1854), and 1890s suffragette writing (Emmeline Pankhurst, “Freedom or Death,” 1913, and from an online Sylvia Pankhurst archive).

Required Texts in the order we’ll read them:

Mary Shelley, Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, ed. Maurice Hindle Penguin, 1992. ISBN: 0140433627
Elizabeth Gaskell, Mary Barton: A Tale of Manchester Life, ed Macdonald Daly. Penguin, 1996 ISBN: 0-140-43464-X
George Eliot, “Janet’s Repentance,” from Scenes of Clerical Life, ed. Jennifer Gribble Penguin, 1998. ISBN: 0-14-043638-3
Margaret Oliphant, Hester: A Story of Contemporary Life, introd. Jennifer Uglow. Penguin/Virago, 1984. ISBN: 0140161023

On-line:

Harriet Martineau, from her Autobiography (The Fourth Period). http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/vwwp/view?docId=VAB7103&doc.view=print
Caroline Norton, from English Laws for Women: http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/norton/elfw/elfw.html
Emmeline Pankhurst, “Freedom or Death,” Great Speeches from The Guardian, 2007: https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2007/apr/27/greatspeeches1
Sylvia Pankhurst Archive: Selection, https://www.marxists.org/archive/pankhurst-sylvia/index.htm
Margaret Oliphant, “Old Lady Mary.”
http://www.loyalbooks.com/download/text/Old-Lady-Mary-by-Mrs-Oliphant.txt
Or alternatively
“The Open Door:”: a Gaslight text

Illustrations for Gaskell’s Mary Barton

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Jem saving a man from the fire

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Mary to Jem: “Oh, Jem, Take me Home” (1905, Ivor Symes)

Format: Study group meetings will be a mix of informal lecture and group discussion (essays mentioned will be sent by attachment or are on-line).

Sept 26th: Writing and other careers for 19th century women. Shelley’s Frankenstein (please have read the first third by this day).
Oct 3rd: For this week although we have no class, please have read the second third of Frankenstein.  Holiday
Oct 10th: Please finish Frankenstein for this day.
Oct 17th: Outside class:  read the first third of Mary Barton, Harriet Martineau’s Autobiography, Part IV, Section 1 and 2, pp 206-17. 2 essays on Martineau’s life and early writing, and on O’Flinn’s essay on Frankenstein sent. Class cancelled.
Oct 24th: Mary Shelley and  Harriet Martineau’s career, we begin Gaskell and Mary Barton (begun)
Oct 31st: Mary Barton; Bodenheimer on “Private Griefs and Public Acts in Mary Barton” (essay); Sections 1 and 2 of Caroline Norton’s Defense of Woman, the ODNB life; finish Mary Barton.
Nov 7th: Mary Barton, we move onto Caroline Norton and other cases (law & custom); for next time read E Gruner on “Mother Plotting” novels by Ann Bronte, Ellen Wood and Caroline Norton and “Janet’s Repentance”
Nov 14th: Norton, Rosina Bulwer-Lytton’s Blighted Life; Eliot’s life; the problem of “Janet’s Repentance” (from Clerical Tales) in context. Read for next time Oliphant’s Hester, ODNB on Bulwer-Lytton, Oliphant, MA thesis “Bruised, Battered Women in 19th century Fiction” by Wingert.
Nov 21st: Eliot’s life, career and her books: close reading “Janet’s Repentance.” Finish reading Hester.
Nov 28th: Finish Eliot; the women’s suffrage movement. Begin Oliphant and Hester; Oliphant’s ghost stories and Autobiography. Read for next time Oliphant’s “Old Lady Mary” and Lewis C. Roberts, “The Production of a Female Hand: professional writing and career of Geraldine Jewsbury;” Mary Burnan, “Heroines at the Piano: Women and music in 19th century fiction” (essays sent by attachment).
Dec 5th: Oliphant’s Hester and her answer to Dickens’s “A Christmas Carol.” Tentative final thoughts and women of letters in the 19th century.

photographoliphantshortlyaftermarriage
A photograph of Margaret Oliphant when young, shortly after she married (1852)

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A quick drawing of George Eliot, late in life, leaving a London concert (1879)

Suggested supplementary reading:

Bennett, Betty T. Mary Diana Dods: A Gentleman and Scholar. Johns Hopkins, 1991. One of Mary Shelley’s close friends.
Bodenheimer, Rosemarie. The Real Life of Mary Ann Evans aka George Eliot, Her Letters and Fiction. Ithaca: Cornell, 1994. The best.
Broomfield, Andrea and Sally Mitchell, ed. Non-fiction Prose by Victorian Woman: An Anthology. NY: Garland, 1996.\
Bulwer-Lytton, Rosina. A Blighted Life: A True Story, introd Marie Mulvey Roberts. Bristol: Thoemmes, 1994.
Coghill, Mrs Harry aka Annie Walker. The Autobiography and Letters of Mrs. M.O.W. Oliphant. NY: Dodd, 1899. Nothing better on Oliphant than this.
Clarke, Norma. Ambitious Heights: Writing, Friendship, Love: The Jewsbury Sisters. Felicia Hemans, and Jane Carlyle. London: Routledge, 1990.
Mackenzie, Midge. Shoulder to Shoulder: A Documentary. NY: Knopf, 1975.
Flint, Kate. The Woman Reader, 1837-41. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2002.
Harman, Barbara Leah and Susan Meyers, edd. The New Nineteenth Century” Feminist Readings of Underread Victoria Novels. NY: Garland, 1996.
Lupack, Barbara, ed. Nineteenth Century Women at the Movies: Adapting Classic Women’s Fiction to Film. Ohio: Bowling Green State UP, 1999.
Maroula, Joanou and June Purvis, edd. The Women’s Suffrage Movement: new Feminist Perspectives. Manchester UP, 1998.
Merman, Dorothy. Godiva’s Ride: Women of letters in England, 1830-1880. Indiana University Press, 1993.
Mill, John Stuart. On the Subjection of Women (1861). Broadview Press, 2000.
Peterson, Linda ed. The Cambridge Companion to Victorian Women’s Writing. Cambridge, 2015.
—————-. Traditions of Women’s Autobiography: Poetics and Politics of Life Writing. Univ Press of Virginia, 1999.
Robins, Elizabeth, The Convert: suffragette and new women novels. A blog: https://reveriesunderthesignofausten.wordpress.com/2015/04/05/elizabeth-robinss-the-convert-excellent-suffragette-novel/
Seymour, Miranda. Mary Shelley. London: Picador, 2000. Superb, original research.
Spark, Muriel. Mary Shelley. NY: New American Library, 1987. Short version of the life, insightful.
Stoneman, Patsy. Elizabeth Gaskell. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1987. Very good short life and works.
Sturridge, Lisa. Bleak House: Marital Violence in Victorian Fiction. Athens: Ohio UP, 2005.
Uglow, Jenny. Elizabeth Gaskell: A Habit of Stories. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1993. The best.
————. George Eliot. NY: Virago, 1987. Short life.
Webb, R. K. Harriet Martineau: A Radical Victorian. NY: Columbia UP, 1960.
Williams, Merryn. Margaret Oliphant: A Critical Biography. NY: St. Martin’s, 1987. Excellent.
Wingert, Lee. Battered, Bruised and Abused Women: Domestic Violence in 19th century Fiction. Ph.D. Thesis, Iowa State University. On-line pdf.

Films:

Shoulder to Shoulder. Script: Ken Taylor, Alan Plater, Midge Mackenzie. Dir. Waris Hussein, Moira Armstrong. Perf: Sian Philips, Angela Downs, Judy Parfitt, Georgia Brown. Six 75 minute episodes available on YouTube. BBC, 1974.
Suffragette. Script. Abi Morgan. Dir. Sarah Gavron. Perf: Carey Mulligan, Helena Bonham Carter, Anne Marie Duffey. Ruby, Pathe, Film4, BFI, 2014

Talking Books: On CD:

For Frankenstein, Gildart Jackson the reader (Dreamscape, available at Downpour)
For Mary Barton, Juliet Stevenson the reader (Cover-to-cover, available at their site)

seekingsituations-jog
Ralph Hedley, Seeking Situations (1904)

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pentonvillelookingwestJohnOConnor1884
John O’Connor (1830-1889), Pentonville — looking west (1884)

A Syllabus

On-line at: https://reveriesunderthesignofausten.wordpress.com/2016/03/15/elizabeth-gaskells-north-and-south-in-context-a-spring-syllabus/

For a course at the Oscher LifeLong Learning Institute at George Mason University
Day: Eight Wednesdays, mid-day, 11:50 to 1:15 pm
Tallwood, 4210 Roberts Road, Fairfax, Va 22032
Dates: Classes start Mar 23rd; last class May 11, 2016.
Dr Ellen Moody

Description of Course

Gaskell wrote introspective domestic fiction, strange melodramatic gothics, political historical fiction, an influential passionate and great biography of Charlotte Bronte, and novels of social protest, including disability, emigration and prostitution, set across the landscape of Victorian industrial cities, the more rural genteel south and London. Born to Unitarians, she became a clergyman’s wife, wrote fiction from her earliest years, published in magazines, and lived for many years in Manchester. Her tale of this city, North and South, which extends to colonial naval adventures abroad and Spain, centers on a strike and lockout, on religious controversies, military injustice, the psychic pain of displacement, regional and class conflicts all aligned with the education of a heroine and her experience of love. We will read her book in the context of Gaskell as a 19th century woman of letters writing in a number of contemporary kinds through reading a few of short stories and her journalism written earlier than this novel and towards the end of her life: “The Old Nurse’s Story (ghost story);” from Cranford, “A love affair of Long Ago/A Visit to an Old Bachelor,” and “Old Letters/Peter”; “Lois the Witch (based on the Salem witch trials); “An Italian Institution” (about La Camorra); and “French Life,” Chapter 3 (a journal diar of her time in Paris, which includes a historical case history of a 16th century woman, abused and murdered by her husband and his brothers, the Marquise de Gange).

songoftheshirtFrankHoll1845to88
Frank Holl (1845-1888), Song of the Shirt

Required Texts:

Elizabeth Gaskell, “A love Affair of Long Ago/A Visit to An Old Bachelor,” “Old Letters/Peter.” Cranford Stories are at:
https://www.lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~matsuoka/EG-Cranford.html#3
https://www.lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~matsuoka/EG-Cranford.html#5 These are also reprinted in any edition of Cranford. The best (because complete) is Cranford, ed. E. P Watson, intro and notes Charlotte Mitchell. Oxford UP, 1998.
—————–. “The Old Nurse’s Tale”: https://www.lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~matsuoka/EG-Nurse.html, , and various anthologies of ghost and gothic stories.
—————–. North and South, ed. intro. Elizabeth Ingram. Penguin, 1995. The recent Oxford classics edition by Angus Easson is also excellent. If you want to understand North and South and its world, you can’t do better than the Norton Critical edition by Alan Shelton.
—————–. “Lois the Witch:” https://www.lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~matsuoka/EG-Lois.html,also reprinted in Elizabeth Gaskell, Cousin Phillis and Other Tales, ed, intro. Angus Eason. Oxford Classics, 1981, and available as a separate text (a thin novella), intro by Jenny Uglow ISBN 1-84391-049-7.
——————-. “An Italian Institution:”
https://www.lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~matsuoka/EG-Italian.html
——————-. “French Life,” Chapter 3:
https://www.lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~matsuoka/EG-Life.html#III

I suggest you bookmark the Elizabeth Gaskell site for all texts, information, biography, publications about her, pictures too:

https://www.lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~matsuoka/Gaskell.html

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Medium range shot of Thornton’s factory

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Anna Maxwell Martin as Bessy Higgins (from Sandy Welch’s North and South, BBC 2004)

Format: Study group meetings will be a mix of informal lecture and group discussion.

Schedule:

Mar 23rd: Introduction: Gaskell’s life, career, read for this day, the three Cranford stories; “Love Affair of Long Ago” and “A Visit to an Old Bachelor” “Old Letters/Peter.”
Mar 30th: Read for this day, “Old Nurse’s Tale” and North and South, Chapters 1-6 (“Haste to the Wedding” to “”Farewell”) I will show 3 brief clips from Heidi Thomas’s Cranford Chronicles.
Apr 6th: North and South, Chapters 7-16 (“New Faces and New Scenes” to “What Is a Strike?”); read also Jo Pryke, “The Treatment of Political Economy in North and South, The Gaskell Society Journal 4 (1990). Online.
Apr 13th: North and South, Chapters 17-27 (“Likes and Dislikes” to “Fruit Piece”); read also Rosemarie Bodenheimer, North and South: A Permanent State of Change,” Nineteenth-Century Fiction, 34:3 (1979):281-301; Hotz, Mary Elizabeth. “‘Taught by Death What Life Should Be’: Elizabeth Gaskell’s Representation of Death in North and South,” Studies in the Novel 32.2 (Summer 2000): 165-184.
Apr 20th: North and South, Chapters 28 – 36 (“Comfort in Sorrow” to “Union Not Always Strength”). Michael D. Lewis, “Mutiny in the Public Sphere Debating Naval Power in Parliament, the Press, and Gaskell’s North and South, Victorian Review, 36:1 (2010):89-113. We see clips from Welch’s North and South too.
Apr 27th: North and South, Chapters 37-44 (“Looking south” to “Ease Not Peace”); read also Julia Sun Joo-Lee, “The Return of the “Unnative”: The Transnational Politics of Elizabeth Gaskell’s North and South, Nineteenth-Century Literature, 61:4 (2007):449-478; John Pikoulis, North and South: Varieties of Love and Power,” The Yearbook of English Studies, 6 (1976):176-193
May 4th: North and South, Chapters 45-52 (“Not All a Dream” to “Pack Clouds Away”), and “An Italian Institution”. Dorice Williams Elliot, “The Female Visitor and the Marriage of Classes in Gaskell’s North and South,Nineteenth-Century Literature, 49:1 (1994):21-49; Stepfanie Markovits, North and South, East and West, Nineteenth-Century Literature, 59:4 (2005):463-493
May 11th: Read for this day, Lois the Witch, and “French Life, Chapter 3.” From Jenny Uglow’s biography of Gaskell, 5 pages on Lois the Witch. If I can find a suitable clip from Andrew Davies’s Wives and Daughters, I’ll end with that.

DeathofOsborneHamley
From Wives and Daughters, the death of Osborne Hamley (Part 4, Tom Hollander, Michael Gambon, Justine Waddell)

The films, & a few books (any essays will be sent by attachment):

North and South. Dir. Brian Perceval. Screenplay: Sandy Welch. Producer: Kate Bartlett. Featuring Richard Armitage, Daniela Denby-Ashe, Brendan Coyle, Anna Maxwell Martin. BBC, 2004.
Wives and Daughters. Dir. Nicholas Renson. Screenplay: Andrew Davies. Producer: Sue Birtwistle. Featuring: Bill Patterson, Ian Carmichael, Francesca Annis, Justice Waddell, Keeley Hawes, Tom Hollander, Michael Gambon. BBC, 1999.
Cranford: The collection (Chronicles). Dir. Simon Curtis. Screenplay: Heidi Thomas. Produced. Sue Birtwhistle. Featuring: Judi Dench, Eileen Atkins, Michael Gambon, Philip Glenister, Francesca Annis, Lesley Manville (among many others). BBC, 2010.
Bonaparte, Felicia. The Gypsy-Bachelor of Manchester: The Life of Mrs Gaskell’s Demon. Charlottesville: Univ Press of Va, 1992.
Gaskell, Elizabeth. If you like any of the movies, you might want to add My Lady Ludow and Mr Harrison’s Confessions (a novella and story woven into Cranford Chronicles); I also recommend her Mary Barton, Life of Charlotte Bronte (one of the great biographies which shaped our view Bronte, strongly recommended as a wonderful read) and Wives and Daughters.
Harman, Barbara. The Feminine Political Novel in Victorian England. Charlottesville: Univ Press of Virginia, 1998.
Hughes, Linda K. and Michael Lund. Victorian Publishing and Mrs Gaskell’s Work. Charlottesville: Univ Press of Va, 1999.
Matus, Jill, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Elizabeth Gaskell. Cambridge UP, 2007.
Stoneman, Patsy. Elizabeth Gaskell. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1987.
Steinbach, Susie. Understanding the Victorians: Culture and Society in 19th century Britain. London: Routledge, 2012. There is no better book for understanding intimate and public aspects of Victorian life.
Uglow, Jenny. Elizabeth Gaskell: A Habit of Stories. NY: Farrar, Strauss, Giroux, 1993. The best single book on Gaskell to date in the way Uglow combines biography, literary criticism,and a political and feminist vision.

See also Gaskell’s house, 84 Plymouth Grove, Manchester: nowadays a museum

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William Parrott (1813-69) The Great Eastern Under Construction at Millwall on the Isle of Dogs in 1857

Ellen

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